LineItems

Overview

A purchase in CloudBilling goes through different Pricing Rules before it ends up as a line on an invoice. A LineItem is the result of a Pricing Rule applied on a purchase or a previous Pricing Rule Result (PRR). It captures the price change and quantity change associated with the Rule as AddedValue and AddedQuantity. The final invoice total for a product is the sum of AddedValue across all of its LineItems.

Consider a customer makes two separate purchases of product ‘A’ with quantity 10 and 15. The product has three Pricing Rules configured as shown below:

1. Order 0 - A Price-Type Pricing Rule that applies a price of 10 Euros for each unit of the product. A unit is the standard measure of how a product is quantified (e.g., item, hour, meter).
2. Order 10 - An Adjust Percentage Pricing Rule with value of -10. This Rule applies a 10% discount on the price.
3. Order 30 - A Sum Pricing Rule that sums all purchases of product A.

Both purchases are processed by the Pricing Rules in the order specified below:

1. Price - First, the Price-Type Pricing Rule is applied separately to each purchase, resulting in two PRRs. The two PRRs are synced to the dataset as two LineItems. The first LineItem has an AddedValue of 100 (unit price * quantity) and an AddedQuantity of 10. The second LineItem has an AddedValue of 150 (unit price * quantity) and an AddedQuantity of 15.
2. Adjust Percentage - Then, the Adjust Percentage Rule applies a 10% discount on the two Price-Type PRRs, creating
   two more PRRs and corresponding LineItems. The first LineItem has an AddedValue of -10 (-10% of 100) and an AddedQuantity of 0, and the second LineItem has an AddedValue of -15 (-10% of 150) and an AddedQuantity of 0.
3. Sum - Finally, the Sum Rule combines the two PRRs from the Adjust Percentage Rule into a single LineItem with AddedValue of 0 and AddedQuantity of 0.

The aggregation of AddedValue across all LineItems is the price displayed on the invoice. Therefore, the price displayed in the invoice for Product ‘A’ is 225 Euros (100 + 150 - 10 - 15).

The LineItems table connects to several related tables through foreign keys. A foreign key is a field that stores the unique identifier of a row in another table, enabling you to link a LineItem to the matching entry in that table. For example, the field InvoiceKey can be used to find which invoice a LineItem belongs to, and the ProductKey can be used to find the product associated with the purchase that created the LineItem. When a foreign key does not link to a row in another table, its value is -1. Use these keys to navigate the dataset and retrieve context not stored directly in the LineItems table. For detailed schemas and field definitions, see the documentation sections for each related table.

Metadata

Valuable finance and business data can be included in CloudBilling purchases as purchase metadata. Some PRRs retain this information. If a Pricing Rule is applied on a purchase or on another PRR (e.g., Price and Adjust Percentage Rules), all metadata fields are retained. However, if a Pricing Rule is applied on multiple PRRs at once (e.g., SUM Rule), only the fields with matching name and value are retained. The metadata can be synced with the dataset, and below are the number of fields available for each metadata type:

1. String - 10
2. Numeric - 3
3. Date - 2

For example, you can push usage in CloudBilling and assign it to a certain application, account or a aerver. You can then use this information to analyze how much usage is consumed by every account.

Users need to choose the fields to be synced in advance, and communicate their decision to our support team through the customer portal or by sending an email. Our consultants will ensure the selected fields are synced with the dataset. When synced, the dataset changes from a billing summary into a reliable source of business insights on revenue and costs. The metadata fields can be used to group, filter, analyse, and explain revenue and costs with relevant business context. Furthermore, you can do root causes analysis by navigating from high‑level KPIs (e.g., margin dip for a region), all the way to the specific invoices and LineItems driving the change.

The string type metadata fields are stored in a separate table and linked to the LineItems using the foreign key fields. There are a few deprecated metadata fields such as Meta1 and Bool1. They were replaced by the three different types of fields mentioned above. They remain only because they contain historical data from older LineItems (from prior years). Use the new metadata types and do not rely on these deprecated fields.

Ledger Account Entry

Each LineItem also contains information on whether it is a ledger entry. If it is, there is information on whether the entry is a credit or a debit, along with the entry values. The foreign key field LedgerAccountKey links the LineItems table to the LedgerAccounts table. This field is -1 if the LineItem is not a Ledger entry. Otherwise, use the key to look up the associated Ledger code and name. In CloudBilling, the ledger code and name are configured in the Pricing Rules as Billing Output Tags ( BOTs).

Public Cloud Usage

Purchases retrieved by CloudBilling connectors contain detailed information specific to the service provider as purchase metadata. The metadata specific to AWS and CSP are synced to the dataset in separate tables, and linked to LineItems by the foreign key fields starting with ‘Csp’ or ‘Aws’. Since most of these metadata fields contain string type values, they are stored in separate tables for efficient storage and performance.

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Fields

Name	Type	Description
Key	Integer	Primary Key - LineItems Table.
ProductKey	Integer	Foreign Key - Products Table.
AddedValue	String	The value added by the Pricing Rule.
AddedCost	String	The cost added by the Pricing Rule.
AddedQuantity	String	Quantity change associated with a Pricing Rule.
From	Integer	Foreign Key - Purchase start date. From date in yyyymmdd fromat.
To	Integer	Foreign Key - Purchase end date. To date in yyyymmdd format.
Type	String	Type of Pricing Rule that generated the LintItem; represented by predefined integers: 0 = Unknown, 1 = Tax, 2 = Discount, 3 = Margin, 4 = Fee, 5 = CurrencyExchange.
LedgerAccountKey	Integer	Foreign Key - Ledger Accounts Table (-1 = Not a Ledger Entry).
LedgerAccountCredit	String	The credit amount associated with the line item.
LedgerAccountDebit	String	The debit amount associated with the line item.
Meta1	String	Deprecated field.
Meta2	String	Deprecated field.
Meta3	String	Deprecated field.
NumericMeta1	String	Numeric metadata 1 available in a line item.
NumericMeta2	String	Numeric metadata 2 available in a line item.
NumericMeta3	String	Numeric metadata 3 available in a line item.
DateMeta1	String	Date metadata 1 available in a line item.
DateMeta2	String	Date metadata 2 available in a line item.
Bool1	String	Deprecated field.
Bool2	String	Deprecated field.
Bool3	String	Deprecated field.
Bool4	String	Deprecated field.
InvoiceKey	Integer	Foreign Key - Invoices Table.
CspOrderKey	Integer	Foreign Key - CspOrders Table.
CspInstanceKey	Integer	Foreign Key - CspInstances Table.
CspProductKey	Integer	Foreign Key - CspProducts Table.
CspSubscriptionKey	Integer	Foreign Key - CspSubscriptions Table.
CspResourceGroupKey	Integer	Foreign Key - CspResource Groups Table.
AwsProductKey	Integer	Foreign Key - AwsProducts Table.
AwsReservationKey	Integer	Foreign Key - AwsReservations Table.
AwsSavingsPlanKey	Integer	Foreign Key - AwsSavings Plan Table.
AwsInvoiceKey	Integer	Foreign Key - AwsInvoices Table.
AwsDescriptionKey	Integer	Foreign Key - AwsDescriptions Table.
AwsUsageaccountKey	Integer	Foreign Key - AwsAccounts Table.
AWSBlendedCost	Decimal	Average cost of an AWS service across all usage accounts.
AWSPublicOndemandCost	Decimal	The total cost for an AWS line item based on public on-demand instance rates.
AWSReservationEffectiveCost	Decimal	The effective cost for an AWS reservation line item.
AWSSavingsPlanEffectiveCost	Decimal	The proportion of the Savings Plans monthly commitment amount (upfront and recurring) that is allocated to each usage line.
AWSUnblendedCost	Decimal	Cost of an AWS service associated with one usage account.
AddedMeasuredQuantity	Decimal	The measured quantity change associated with a Pricing Rule. It is usually different to AddedQuantity when there is pro-ration.
FlagsKey	Integer	Foreign Key - Flag Table.
StringMeta1Key . . . StringMeta10Key	Integer	Foreign Key - 10 separate keys for StringMetadatas Table